Associations of metabolic heterogeneity of obesity, cardiometabolic index with sleep trajectory among middle-aged and older adults: a longitudinal study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

An alarming bidirectional relationship exists between prolonged sleep duration and obesity. However, obesity exhibits metabolic heterogeneity, and the cardiometabolic index (CMI) serves as a potential indicator of visceral fat distribution and function. The relationship of metabolic heterogeneity of obesity, CMI and sleep trajectory remain unclear.

Methods

A total 6359 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were included. Metabolic heterogeneity of obesity was evaluated based on four obesity and metabolic phenotypes as metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW), metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHOO), and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUOO). CMI was calculated using

SUBMITTER: Xiao Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12538868 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature