Heterogeneity in Protective Factors as a Buffer for Unique Risk Factors and Daily Smoking Among Transgender Adults.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Transgender individuals often face significant interpersonal and systemic gender-identity-related stressors, which can confer risk of poor health behaviors, including cigarette use. Despite these adversities, social factors (e.g., family acceptance and work support) and gender-identity milestones (e.g., affirming medical care) can buffer against stressors. Because transgender individuals live under different circumstances from one another, protective factors vary among individuals. We aimed to derive distinct classes of protective factors and explore whether the associations between gender-identity-based stressors and combustible cigarette use varied across these classes.

Methods

We analyzed data from the National Transgender Discrimination Survey (N = 6456; 76.

SUBMITTER: Perry KJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12539918 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature