Longer commute time is associated with a higher risk of miscarriage: a mixed-effects longitudinal study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Long commuting has been linked to some adverse pregnancy outcomes, but its association with miscarriage, one of the most common pregnancy complications, has not been investigated. This study examined whether the frequency and duration of commuting are associated with miscarriage risk.

Methods

We used waves 1-11 (2008-2019) of the German Family Panel (Pairfam) and sampled women aged 16-45 who had a male partner, worked for pay, and reported a live birth or a miscarriage during the observation period. Cases of recurrent (3 or more) miscarriages were excluded. The final sample consisted of 579 women who reported 458 live births and 121 miscarriages. The association between commuting and miscarriage was examined using mixed effects logistic regression models, stepwise

SUBMITTER: Jarosz E 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12542174 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature