Metal-Free Graphene-Based Derivatives as Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysts in Energy Conversion and Storage Systems: An Overview.

ABSTRACT: Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is one of the most important reactions in electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices. To overcome the slow kinetics, minimize the overpotential, and make this reaction feasible, efficient, and stable, electrocatalysts are needed. Metal-free graphene-based systems are considered promising and cost-effective ORR catalysts with adjustable structures. This review is meant to give a rational overview of the graphene-based metal-free ORR electrocatalysts, illustrating the huge amount of related research developed particularly in the field of fuel cells and metal-air batteries, with particular attention to the synthesis procedures. The novelty of this review is that, beyond general aspects regarding the synthesis and characterization of graphene, above 9

SUBMITTER: Crociani L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12542381 | biostudies-literature | 2025 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature