Exosomal pHERV-W ENV as a dynamic biomarker for relapse prediction and prognosis in multiple sclerosis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Emerging evidence implicates the envelope protein of human endogenous retrovirus type W (pHERV-W ENV) in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS); however, its clinical utility as a biomarker remains incompletely defined. In this study, we demonstrate that pHERV-W ENV is enriched on serum-derived exosomes in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), where it reflects both current disease activity and future risk.

Methods

Exosomal pHERV-W ENV levels were profiled across three cohorts: (1) a cross-sectional cohort including healthy controls, stable MS patients, and patients with active disease; (2) a longitudinal RRMS cohort with samples collected before, during, and after episodes of disease activity; and (3) a retrospective longitudinal cohort of newly diagn

SUBMITTER: Saba ES 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12542391 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature