Association between waterpipe smoking, polycythaemia and cardiac risk factors among Palestinian university students: a cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

This study aims to investigate the relationship between waterpipe smoking, polycythaemia and cardiac risk factors, including blood pressure and obesity.

Design

Cross-sectional Study conducted in 2022.

Setting

An-Najah National University (ANNU) in the West Bank, Palestine.

Participants

A total of 954 university students participated in the study.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

A questionnaire used to assess smoking behaviours and other substance practices and patterns. Anthropometric and clinical measurements were measured and recorded, and complete blood counts (CBC) were obtained using an automated haematology analyser. Descriptive statistics were used to characterise the sample. Logistic regression models were applied to assess assoc

SUBMITTER: Younis T 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12542545 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature