Dynamic fibroblast-immune interactions shape recovery after brain injury.

ABSTRACT: Fibroblasts and immune cells coordinate tissue regeneration and necessary scarring after injury. In the brain, fibroblasts are border-enriched cells whose dynamic molecular states and immune interactions after injury remain unclear¹. Here we define the shared fibroblast-immune response to brain injury. Early profibrotic myofibroblasts develop from pre-existing brain fibroblasts and infiltrate brain lesions, orchestrated by fibroblast TGFβ signalling, profibrotic macrophages and microglia, and perilesional glia. Myofibroblasts transition into several late fibroblast states, including lymphocyte-interactive fibroblasts. Interruption of the early myofibroblast state exacerbated sub-acute brain injury, tissue loss and secondary neuroinflammation, with increased mortality in the tran

SUBMITTER: Ewing-Crystal NA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12545229 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature