Optimization of flavonoids from Astragalus membranaceus stem and leaf waste using nonionic surfactant-integrated ultrasound-assisted extraction.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to optimize the extraction of flavonoids from the stem and leaf waste of Astragalus membranaceus (AMW) using nonionic surfactant-integrated ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). Genapol X-080 was identified as the most effective surfactant for flavonoid extraction. UAE outperformed both stirring-assisted and heating methods in terms of yield. A sustainability analysis showed that UAE with nonionic surfactants was environmentally favorable, scoring 0.78 in the Analytical Greenness Calculator. The extraction process was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), starting with a Plackett-Burman Design (PBD) to identify important factors, such as liquid-solid ratio, ultrasonic time, temperature, ethanol concentration, and ultrasonic power. The optimized conditions wer

SUBMITTER: Yang X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12546803 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature