Ciprofloxacin (Zwitterion, Chloride, and Sodium Forms): Experimental and DFT Characterization by Vibrational and Solid-State NMR Spectroscopies.

ABSTRACT: Ciprofloxacin (Cipro), a widely used fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exists in multiple protonation states, which influence its structural and spectroscopic properties. Despite its pharmaceutical relevance and concerns regarding its accumulation in the environment, a comprehensive characterization of its zwitterionic, cationic, and anionic solid forms remains limited, particularly in terms of their vibrational and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral assignments. The focus of this study was to identify spectral signatures that differentiate Cipro and its cationic form (as a chloride salt) and anionic form (as a sodium salt). All samples were characterized in solid-state using X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry, infrared and Raman spectroscopies, a

SUBMITTER: Lima FCDA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12547570 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature