Dataset Information

Physicochemical Characterization and Safety Assessment of Cosmetic Gels and Emulsions Containing Sand-Extraction Clays.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Clays are widely used in cosmetic formulations for their rheological properties, adsorption capacity, and potential skin benefits. Sustainable sourcing of clays from industrial by-products, such as sand extraction residues, is gaining interest in the cosmetics industry.

Aims

This study aimed to assess the feasibility of incorporating four clays (I, II, III, IV) derived from sand extraction residues into cosmetic gels and emulsions, evaluating their physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and dermal safety.

Patients/methods

The clays were incorporated into two types of hydrophilic vehicles (a nonionic emulsion and a gel). Formulations were characterized for particle size, viscosity, and storage stability over 90 days. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro using HaCaT keratinocytes exposed to clay concentrations up to 1000 μg/mL. Dermal irritation potential was assessed in vivo on 53 healthy volunteers via patch testing.

Results

Clay incorporation affected particle size and viscosity, with gels showing superior physical stability. All clays preserved HaCaT cell viability above 75% at the highest concentration, and in vivo assessments revealed no signs of skin irritation or sensitization. Clay III showed the largest surface area, improving skin adhesion and spreadability, while consistency between in vitro and in vivo data confirms the biocompatibility and cutaneous safety of the formulations.

Conclusions

Clays from sand extraction residues are safe, stable, and biocompatible ingredients for cosmetic formulations. Their incorporation into gels and emulsions provides favorable rheological and dermatological properties, supporting their potential as sustainable raw materials for cosmetic and dermatological applications.

SUBMITTER: da Silva Favero J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12547854 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Physicochemical Characterization and Safety Assessment of Cosmetic Gels and Emulsions Containing Sand-Extraction Clays.

da Silva Favero Juliana J Dos Santos Venina V Weiss-Angeli Valéria V Garcia Charlene Silvestrin Celi CSC Magnano Greta Camilla GC Henriques João Antonio Pêgas JAP Roesch-Ely Mariana M Dos Santos Miron Diogo D Bergmann Carlos Pérez CP

Journal of cosmetic dermatology 20251001 10

<h4>Background</h4>Clays are widely used in cosmetic formulations for their rheological properties, adsorption capacity, and potential skin benefits. Sustainable sourcing of clays from industrial by-products, such as sand extraction residues, is gaining interest in the cosmetics industry.<h4>Aims</h4>This study aimed to assess the feasibility of incorporating four clays (I, II, III, IV) derived from sand extraction residues into cosmetic gels and emulsions, evaluating their physicochemical prope ...[more]

PMID: 41128013

Similar Datasets

Project description:The objective of this work was to use transcriptional profiling to assess the biological activity of structurally related chemicals to define their biological similarity and with that, substantiate the validity of a read-across approach usable in risk assessment. Two case studies are presented, one with 4 short alkyl chain parabens: methyl (MP), ethyl (EP), butyl (BP), and propyl paraben (PP), as well as their main metabolite, p-Hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA) with the assumption that PP was the target chemical; and a second one with caffeine (CA) and its main metabolites theophylline (TP), theobromine (TB) and paraxanthine (PX), where caffeine was the target chemical. The comprehensive transcriptional response of MCF7, HepG2, A549 and ICell cardyomiocytes was evaluated (TempO-Seq) after exposure to vehicle-control, each paraben or pHBA, caffeine or its metabolites, at 3 non-cytotoxic concentrations, for 6h. Differentially expressed genes (FDR ≥ 0.05, and fold change ±1.2≥) were identified for each chemical, at each dose of exposure, and used to determine similarities between them. Each of the chemicals is able to elicit changes in the expression of a number of genes, as compared to controls, particularly at the highest dose tested. Importantly, the transcriptional profile elicited by each of the parabens shares a high degree of similarities across the category members. The highest number of genes commonly affected by the parabens was found between BP and PP. The transcriptional profile of the parabens is similar to the one elicited by some estrogen receptor agonist, among other actives. Pathway enrichment analysis (MSigDB v7.0) of the transcriptional profile for each paraben indicated a significant overlap in the up- and down-regulated pathways across the four parabens.The highest similarity in biological activity was found between BP and PP. This was indicative of their biological similarity, and thus the validity of the read across among the group, with BT being the closest structural and biological analogue for PP. In the caffeine case and its main metabolites, the transcriptional profile elicited of all four compounds had a high degree of similarity across the cell types, with CA and TP being the most active. The most robust response was obtained in the cardiomyocytes with the highest transcriptional profile similarity between CA and TP. The transcriptional profile of the methylxantines is similar to the one elicited by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase as well as other actives. Pathway enrichment analysis (MSigDB v7.0) of the transcriptional profile for each compound indicated a significant overlap in the up- and down-regulated pathways across the four methylxanthines. The highest similarity in biological activity was found between CA and TP, supporting the conclusion that from the group of methylxantines evaluated TP is the most appropriate analogue to read-across for CA. Overall, our results support the approach of incorporating transcriptional profiling in well-designed in vitro tests to support biological similarity driven read-across procedures and strengthening the traditional structure-based approaches useful in risk assessment.

Dataset Information

Physicochemical Characterization and Safety Assessment of Cosmetic Gels and Emulsions Containing Sand-Extraction Clays.

Background

Aims

Patients/methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Physicochemical Characterization and Safety Assessment of Cosmetic Gels and Emulsions Containing Sand-Extraction Clays.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets