Theory of Condensate Size Control by Molecular Charge Asymmetry.

ABSTRACT: Biomolecular condensates are complex droplets comprising diverse molecules that interact by various mechanisms. Condensation is often driven by short-range attraction, but net charges can also mediate long-range repulsion. Using molecular dynamics simulations and an equilibrium field theory, we show that such opposing interactions can suppress coarsening, so many droplets of equal size coexist at equilibrium. This size control depends strongly on the charge asymmetry between molecular constituents, while the strength of the short-range attractions has a weak influence. The mechanism relies on droplets expelling ions; therefore, they cannot screen electrostatics effectively, implying that droplets acquire a net charge and cannot grow indefinitely. Our simulations indicate that this effect i

SUBMITTER: Luo C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12548355 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature