A Pilot Study of Differences in Antibody Responses of Intradermal and Intramuscular Injections of Botulinum Toxin Type A.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) is commonly used for both medical and aesthetic purposes. However, approximately 3% of long-term recipients develop resistance, potentially due to antibody formation. Injection technique may influence immunogenicity, yet comparative data remain limited.

Methods

This pilot study evaluated antibody responses following intradermal versus intramuscular injection of six BoNT/A formulations: incobotulinumtoxinA, onabotulinumtoxinA, abobotulinumtoxinA, letibotulinumtoxinA1, letibotulinumtoxinA2, and prabotulinumtoxinA. A total of 120 subjects were divided into intradermal and intramuscular groups, with equal distribution across toxin types. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using ELISA to quantify human IgG (hIgG) targeting whole

SUBMITTER: Srinoulprasert Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12549475 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature