Low-cost, open-source device for applying controlled olfactory stimuli during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the brain.

ABSTRACT: Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess brain activity in response to olfactory stimuli is of great biomedical and clinical interest. However, application of controlled sequences of olfactory stimuli within the setting of fMRI equipment is challenging since the associated limitations for non-magnetic and non-conducive materials. Here, we have developed and tested a simple, low-cost, open-source, stand-alone device to apply selectable controlled sequences of olfactory stimuli in subjects undergoing fMRI. The device consists of an Arduino-controlled unit containing a blower-based airflow generator and a multichannel air valves system, a set of long air conducting tubing, and bubbler-based odor sources. The device was first validated on the bench to characterize the range

SUBMITTER: Salama R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12549773 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature