IL-32-mediated caspase-43 induction: Shaping macrophage differentiation & immunomodulation in glioblastoma multiforme.

ABSTRACT: Background & objectives Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of brain tumour, characterised by rapid progression, high recurrence, and poor prognosis. The immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME) of GBM poses a major barrier to effective therapy. Interleukin (IL)-32, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, has been implicated in cancer progression, but its specific role in GBM remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the immunoregulatory functions of IL-32 in GBM, particularly its impact on monocyte differentiation and macrophage polarisation. Methods Transcriptomic data from TCGA-GBM and GEO-GSE156902 were analysed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with a focus on IL-32. Functional enrichment analyses (GO and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genom

SUBMITTER: Wang G 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12550404 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature