Mortality and Causes of Death in Boys and Men Born With Hypospadias: A Swedish Population-Based Cohort Study.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Although hypospadias is not a life-threatening condition, studies have found perinatal factors and comorbidities which could increase mortality. We aimed to investigate mortality and causes of death in boys and men born with hypospadias.

Methods

We created a cohort of almost 3 million individuals including 16,890 with hypospadias using Swedish registers. We used Cox regression analysis to measure associations between hypospadias and all-cause mortality in different age groups (maximum age 65 years) as well as cause-specific mortality in adolescents and adults.

Results

We found associations between hypospadias and mortality in infancy (HR 2.07, 95% CI: 1.74-2.45), childhood (HR 1.77, CI: 1.34-2.33), and adolescence and adulthood (HR 1.31, CI: 1.11-1.56), w

SUBMITTER: Phillips L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12551417 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature