Target trial emulation of DPP-4 Inhibitors in patients with T2DM for pulmonary tuberculosis: a nationwide observational data.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) and negatively affects TB treatment outcomes. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are used in glycemic control but can also modulate immune pathways involved in immune-mediated diseases. Considering the immunoregulatory effects of DPP-4 inhibitors, this emulated target trial compared the risk of pulmonary TB in users and non-users of DPP-4 inhibitors with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

We identified 328,842 pairs of DPP-4 inhibitor users and non-users from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database from January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2019. Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the risk of new-onset pulmonary TB between the study and control groups.

SUBMITTER: Chen YG 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12553194 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature