Acceleration of Myopic Shifts in Refraction and Axial Elongation Begins in the Premyopia Stage.

ABSTRACT:

Purpose

To investigate the dependence of age-specific annual changes in refraction and axial elongation on starting refraction (refraction at the first of two yearly examinations).

Methods

Children (2259 participants) from the Guangzhou Twin Eye Study, with baseline ages from 7 to 15 years and 12 annual follow-ups, were included. Validation samples were drawn from the Guangzhou Longitudinal Outdoor Activity Study (GOALS). Refractions were categorized into three groups based on starting spherical equivalent (SE): myopia (SE ≤-0.5 D), premyopia (-0.5 < SE ≤ +0.75 D), and hyperopia (SE >+0.75 D). Within each category, we divided data into different bins. Locally estimated scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) lines were drawn to determine where myopic shifts in refraction and axial el

SUBMITTER: Cai W 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12553475 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature