Emerging flame retardants in the marine environment: A comprehensive review of occurrence, fate and analytical challenges.

ABSTRACT: Emerging flame retardant (EFR) pollutants are ubiquitous in marine environment due to their extensive applications, and capacity for persistence and long-range atmospheric transport. The accurate analysis of EFRs in marine matrices remains challenging due to the inherently low sensitivity and selectivity in complex matrices, matrix-induced signal suppression, limited analytical throughput, and the lack of robust non-target screening protocols. This review provides an integration of recent methodological breakthroughs, encompassing sensitive instrumental approaches and innovative extraction and purification techniques for EFR detection in marine multi-matrix. The environmental occurrence and process of EFRs highlight that the roles of particle-mediated transport, plastic debris leaching, an

SUBMITTER: Zeshan M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12554038 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature