Probiotic-inspired hybrid nanovesicles for enhancing immune checkpoint therapy efficiency via tumor immune microenvironment modulation.

ABSTRACT: Immunologically "cold" tumors, characterized by low immune cells infiltration, represent a significant obstacle to the success of immune checkpoint therapy. Intestinal microbiome therapy has emerged as a potential strategy to overcome this challenge by reprogramming the immune microenvironment. However, its clinical application is constrained by unresolved safety concerns. To address these challenges, we fused Escherichia coli-secreted outer membrane vesicle (OMV) with the macrophage membrane vector (RV) to construct hybrid nanovesicle (ROMV) and encapsulated the bacterial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), forming ROMV/TMAO. ROMV/TMAO mimicked the beneficial functions of intestinal probiotics by leveraging the immunomodulatory properties of OMV and TMAO, combined with

SUBMITTER: Wang F 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12554223 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature