Interpretation of Kelvin Probe Force Measurements in Solid-State Electrochemical Cells.

ABSTRACT: Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) provides an established and reliable measurement of the work function of electronic conductors under equilibrium conditions. A less used but highly versatile application of KPFM is the characterization of electrochemical devices in operation, i.e., devices under nonequilibrium conditions. We derive the KPFM signal interpretation from basic considerations of the Volta potential and its relation to the surface potential, chemical potential of electrons, Galvani potential, and work function. As a key experiment for understanding operando measurements at electrochemical cells, we investigate a Hebb-Wagner solid-state polarization cell (HWC), constructed with a mixed ionic-electronic conductor (MIEC). Using a model-type MIEC based on amorphous Li₃

SUBMITTER: Weber F 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12557226 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature