Nonlinear association of total femur bone mineral density with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in older adults: A NHANES analysis.

ABSTRACT: Low bone mineral density (BMD) is prevalent among older adults and has been associated with higher mortality risk. However, the relationship between BMD and mortality remains unclear. We investigated the association between total femur BMD and all-cause mortality, as well as cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, in a nationally representative cohort of US older adults. We analyzed 7397 participants aged ≥60 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2018. Total femur BMD (g/cm²) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline. Mortality follow-up was ascertained via linkage to National Death Index records through 2019, with cause of death classified by ICD-10 codes. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause and C

SUBMITTER: Tan Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12558319 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature