Thyroid Cancer: Pathogenesis, Clinicopathology, Diagnosis, and Management.

ABSTRACT: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, with incidence rising steadily worldwide. Although most cases are differentiated thyroid carcinomas with excellent prognosis, a small subset, such as anaplastic thyroid cancer, demonstrates aggressive behavior and poor survival outcomes. Recent decades have witnessed a transformation in thyroid cancer diagnostics and management, driven by improvements in high-resolution ultrasound, fine-needle aspiration biopsy, molecular profiling, and standardized risk stratification systems such as the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System. Despite these advances, overdiagnosis and overtreatment remain key clinical challenges. Accurate risk stratification and management strategies are critical, especially for distinguishing indolent nodules fro

SUBMITTER: Li YD 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12559858 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature