Trace element-dictated exosome modules and self-adaptive dual-network hydrogel orchestrate diabetic foot regeneration through complement-mitochondria-autophagy circuitry.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), perpetually trapped in a vicious cycle of inflammation and ischemia, remain a significant clinical challenge. Exosomes (Exo) therapy holds promise for tissue repair, yet its functional potency and delivery efficiency are often limited.

Methods

We proposed an integrated strategy combining trace elements (TE) programming, Exo engineering, and intelligent delivery to overcome both functional and delivery constraints. Multiple TE (Fe, Mg, Zn, Mn, and Se) were incorporated into a three-dimensional (3D) dynamic culture system to construct high-activity engineered Exo (3D-TE-Exo). The biological mechanisms were explored via transcriptomics, mitochondrial function assays, and oxidative stress analyses. A dual-network hydrogel, incorporating dyn

SUBMITTER: Wang SQ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12560296 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature