A Combined Physical Activity and Multi-Micronutrient Supplementation Intervention in South African Primary Schools: Effects on Physical Activity, Fitness, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors.

ABSTRACT: Background/Objectives: Declining physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in children are global public health concerns, particularly in populations experiencing urbanization and economic transition. This study investigated the effects of a school-based intervention on PA, CRF, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in children aged 6-12 years from marginalized communities in Gqeberha, South Africa. Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in four schools, with participants randomly assigned to one of the following four arms: (i) PA and multi-micronutrient supplementation (MMNS); (ii) PA and placebo; (iii) MMNS; or (iv) placebo (control). A total of 1151 children were assessed at baseline (T1), 1003 at post-intervention (T2), and 5

SUBMITTER: Nqweniso S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12562825 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature