Addressing Complications in Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: A Guideline to Prevention of CIED Infection.

ABSTRACT: Background: Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are vital for managing arrhythmias but carry a notable risk of infection, which increases patient morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burden. This review examines current evidence on risk factors and preventive strategies for CIEDI. Methods: A structured search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library using terms such as "CIED," "infection," "pacemaker," "ICD," "infection prevention," "biofilm," "antibiotic prophylaxis," and "antibiotic-eluting envelope." Study selection followed PRISMA guidelines. Results: For well-established topics, recommendations are based on high-quality evidence from the literature. In areas with limited CIED-specific data, evidence from related surgical fields was cons

SUBMITTER: Baldauf B 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12564914 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature