IgM Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Prevalence, Clinical Associations, and Diagnostic Implications-A Scoping Review.

ABSTRACT: Background: IgM antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) were de-emphasised in the 2023 ACR/EULAR criteria, yet their precise clinical significance remains uncertain. Methods: A rapid scoping review of PubMed (January 2000-June 2025) identified original human studies reporting IgM aCL, aβ₂GPI, or aPS/PT prevalence or outcomes; 40 studies met the eligibility criteria. Prevalence and odds ratios (ORs) of clinical associations were extracted. Results: IgM aPL are common across APS phenotypes. Obstetric cohorts showed aCL-IgM prevalences of 3-82%, often equal to or exceeding those of IgG, while aβ₂GPI-IgM reached a prevalence of 2-63%. In mixed thrombotic-obstetric cohorts, aPS/PT-IgM was the most frequent isotype (31-79%). Purely thrombotic studies still re

SUBMITTER: Ockova M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12565476 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature