Sol-Gel Synthesis and Multi-Technique Characterization of Graphene-Modified Ca_2.95Eu_0.05Co₄O_x Nanomaterials.

ABSTRACT: This study employs a multi-technique approach to elucidate how graphene incorporation affects phase formation, microstructure, and thermal behavior in PVA-assisted sol-gel synthesized Ca_2.95Eu_0.05Co₄O_x nanomaterials. XRD confirms the preservation of the primary phases (hexagonal CaCO₃ and cubic CoO) alongside a distinct graphene (002) reflection; a systematic low-angle shift of the calcite (104) peak evidences partial relaxation of residual lattice strain with increasing graphene content, while Scherrer analysis indicates tunable crystallite size. Raman spectroscopy corroborates graphene incorporation through pronounced D (~1300 cm^-1) and G (~1580 cm^-1) bands and supports the XRD-identified phase coexistence via c

SUBMITTER: Kocyigit S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12567225 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature