Profiling the Paralytic Effects and Lethality of Cone Snail Venom Toxins Using Nanofractionation Analytics with <i>In Vivo</i> Zebrafish Larvae Assays.

ABSTRACT: This study presents nanofractionation analytics coupled with in vivo profiling of zebrafish embryo paralysis and lethality in response to toxins in cone snail venoms. The focus of this study is on the development of this approach using venoms of Conus marmoreus, Conus ebraeus, and Conus bandanus. In brief, cone snail venoms were separated using reversed-phase chromatography following high-resolution nanofractionation on microplates with parallel mass spectrometry, enabled via a post-column flow split. All collected fractions were dried overnight, followed by assays on zebrafish embryos. For the paralysis assessment, we monitored swimming behavior and swimming distance and found that exposure to cone snail toxins led to paralysis and decreased movement and swim d

SUBMITTER: Kool J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12567654 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature