Impact of El Nino Southern Oscillation and Climate Change on Infectious Diseases with Ophthalmic Manifestations.

ABSTRACT: Climate change and the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events have been increasingly linked to infectious disease outbreaks. While growing evidence has connected climate variability with systemic illnesses, the ocular implications remain underexplored. This study aimed to assess the relationships between ENSO-driven climate events and infectious diseases with ophthalmic consequences. A narrative review of 255 articles was conducted, focusing on infectious diseases influenced by ENSO and their associated ocular findings. 39 articles met criteria for full review, covering diseases such as dengue, zika, chikungunya, malaria, leishmaniasis, leptospirosis, and Rift Valley fever. Warmer temperatures, increased rainfall, and humidity associated with ENSO events were found to enhance vector ac

SUBMITTER: Huang C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12567761 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature