The relationship between tobacco and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

ABSTRACT:

Background

This meta-analysis investigates the relationship between smoking and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) risk.

Methods

Observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional) were systematically searched in PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library up to December 2024. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to assess the association.

Results

A total of 19 studies, composing 450,130 participants were included. Active smoking significantly increased NAFLD risk (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.21-1.40, p < 0.001), with stronger effects observed in current smokers (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.22-1.63, p < 0.001). A dose-response relationship was evident: ≥20 pack-years of smoking elevated risk by

SUBMITTER: Jin J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12568600 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature