A panoramic review of transcranial focused ultrasound neuromodulation: from basic research to clinical applications.

ABSTRACT: Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is an emerging non-invasive brain stimulation technique that uses acoustic energy to achieve precise modulation of specific brain regions, showing significant potential in the treatment of neurological disorders. Building upon extensive foundational work in clinical safety and mechanistic understanding, this review examines temporal aspects of tFUS mechanisms and clinical applications, with particular attention to the distinction between immediate online effects and sustained offline aftereffects. We examine the mechanisms of action spanning molecular to network levels, regulatory effects on key brain functional systems (sensory, motor, cognitive, and emotional), and evidence for applications in neurological and psychiatric disorders, including neurod

SUBMITTER: Shi Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12570825 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature