The economic burden of anxiety and depression in Indonesia: evidence from a cross-sectional web panel survey.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Mental health conditions are the second leading cause of disability in Indonesia, accounting for 13 percent of total years lived with disability. However, little is known about their broader economic impact. This study estimates the economic burden of anxiety and depression in adults, including healthcare costs and productivity losses, using a low-cost web panel approach that can be replicated in countries lacking data.

Methods

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with 5,828 Indonesian adults via a web panel. Participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) for themselves and household members, providing data on 16,096 individuals. Participants who screened positive for anxiety and/or depression symptoms based on the PHQ-4 (N = 438) were

SUBMITTER: Arulsamy K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12570936 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature