Ultrasound-driven programmable artificial muscles.

ABSTRACT: Muscular systems¹, the fundamental components of mobility in animals, have sparked innovations across technological and medical fields^2,3. Yet artificial muscles suffer from dynamic programmability, scalability and responsiveness owing to complex actuation mechanisms and demanding material requirements. Here we introduce a design paradigm for artificial muscles, utilizing more than 10,000 microbubbles with targeted ultrasound activation. These microbubbles are engineered with precise dimensions that correspond to distinct resonance frequencies. When stimulated by a sweeping-frequency ultrasound, microbubble arrays in the artificial muscle undergo selective oscillations and generate distributed point thrusts, enabling the muscle to achieve programmable deformation with

SUBMITTER: Shi Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12571877 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature