Transforming Waste into Value: A Sustainable Zero-Waste Biorefinery for Biochar Production and Gallic Acid Adsorption from Apple Pomace.

ABSTRACT: The zero-waste biorefinery maximizes the use of biomass and reduces environmental impacts, transforming waste into high value-added products. In this study, the apple pomace underwent three rounds of extraction of phenolic compounds, sugar, and pectin recovery. Considering the biorefinery concept, the solid residue from both processes was used for biochar synthesis. The evaluation of the adsorptive efficiency of biochar and its characterization occurred by three synthesis routes: (1) biochar from the residue after the extraction of phenolic compounds and sugar (CPB); (2) from the residue after the extraction of phenolic compounds, sugar, and pectin (CPPB); and (3) from dry apple pomace (APB). The sequential extraction yields of total phenolic compounds were 4.6 ± 0.2, 1.2 ± 0.1, and 0.33 ±

SUBMITTER: Costa JM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12573183 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature