The global burden and trends of esophageal cancer caused by smoking among men from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2040: An analysis of the Global Burden of Disease 2021.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Esophageal cancer (EC) ranks 7th globally in cancer mortality, with smoking being a major preventable risk factor, particularly for squamous cell carcinoma predominant in Asia. This study quantifies the global burden of smoking-attributable EC among males using 2021 Global Burden of Disease data (1990-2021) and projects trends to 2040.

Method

Data on deaths and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) for global burden of smoking-attributable EC among males were derived from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) Study 2021, along with the corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We analyzed with Joinpoint regression, age-period-cohort modeling for risk stratification, decomposition analysis, and Bayesian prediction.

Results

Global smoking-attributable E

SUBMITTER: Cao Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12574028 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature