Upper eyelid predominance of meibomian gland dysfunction in postmenopausal women with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

ABSTRACT:

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the differential impairment of meibomian glands (MGs) in the upper and lower eyelids among postmenopausal women with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO). Additionally, we evaluated the correlations between MG morphological and functional parameters and clinical indicators of tear film stability.

Methods

A total of 115 eyes from 115 postmenopausal women with PANDO and 115 eyes from 115 matched control subjects were enrolled in the study. Upper and lower MG loss, and non-invasive tear meniscus height (NITMH) were evaluated using the Keratograph 5 M. Tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), meibum grade, and Marx' lines were all examined using a slit-lamp biomicroscope.

Results

Compared to c

SUBMITTER: Jin H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12574055 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature