Amelioration of renal injury by Qihuang Jianpi Zishen Granules in lupus mice is correlated with AMPK/ULK1-dependent modulation of macrophage polarisation.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

To investigate the effects of Qihuang Jianpi Zishen Granules (QJZG) on renal injury in SLE mice, focusing on macrophage M1/M2 polarisation mediated by the AMPK/ULK1 signalling pathway.

Methods

Parameters of renal function and proteinuria were assessed. Pathological changes in the kidney were examined using H&E, periodic acid-Schiff and Masson's trichrome staining. Serum inflammatory factor levels were quantified using ELISA. The expression levels of the glycolysis rate-limiting enzymes hexokinase 2 (HK2) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) were determined, and the transcriptional levels of AMPK/ULK1 pathway components were measured using quantitative PCR. The abundance of proteins associated with AMPK/ULK1 signalling was assessed via immunoblotting. Flow cytometry wa

SUBMITTER: Qian A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12574411 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature