Cross Amplitude Modulation and Compound Amplitude Modulation for Nonlinear Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging of Nanobubbles.

ABSTRACT: In nonlinear contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging, nanobubbles (NBs) offer a promising alternative for enhanced visualization of microvascular structures and molecular imaging. This study explores two amplitude-modulated (AM) techniques-cross amplitude modulation (xAM) and compound amplitude modulation (cAM)-to enhance the capabilities of NB-mediated CEUS imaging. Both methods were tested on the Vevo F2 ultrasound imaging system (Fujifilm VisualSonics Inc.) using the Vevo Advanced Data Acquisition (VADA) mode, allowing full customization of pulse sequences. The xAM technique utilized a three-event pulse sequence that transmits cross-propagating plane-wave beams from dual apertures. This method isolated nonlinear scattered waves from NBs, reducing background noise and enhancing image

SUBMITTER: Weng YU 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12574682 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature