Single rate-limiting event of carcinogenesis.

ABSTRACT: Single-cell studies have discovered abundant cancer-associated genetic/phenotypic changes in non-cancerous cells, strikingly contrasting with the infrequency of cancer. Epidemiological data have revealed decades-long plateaus of breast cancer incidence in the contralateral breast and twins/relatives following the first/proband's diagnosis, unlike the well-known continuous increase of population-level incidence with age, the latter ostensibly attributable to the successive accumulation of multiple genetic/epigenetic changes necessary for transformation. Here, we explain these contradicting observations by differentiating cell-level, individual-level, and population-level evidence. First, we show the same decades-long incidence plateau for renal-cell carcinoma in the contralateral kidney fol

SUBMITTER: Yasui Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12575674 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature