ABSTRACT: The contribution of circulating micronutrients to ulcer susceptibility remains poorly defined across anatomical sites. In this study, we constructed a systematic trace element-ulcer map by integrating genetic-instrumented inference, pleiotropy-aware modeling, and heterogeneity-sensitive clustering. Summary-level data were obtained from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) encompassing 10 circulating micronutrients (calcium, iron, zinc, copper, magnesium, selenium, carotene, vitamin B12, vitamin C, and vitamin D) and nine ulcer phenotypes (corneal ulcer, recurrent oral aphthae, esophageal ulcer, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, vaginal/vulvar ulcer, decubitus ulcer, lower limb ulcer, and chronic skin ulcer), covering more than 3 million individuals of European ancestry. Our two-
