Spatial-reprogramming derived GPNMB⁺ macrophages interact with COL6A3⁺ fibroblasts to enhance vascular fibrosis in glioblastoma.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Neoadjuvant therapy plays an important role in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), but a considerable proportion of patients remain unresponsive to the combination of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and antiangiogenic therapy. Understanding the mechanisms underlying resistance to this treatment and developing novel therapeutic strategies are crucial.

Methods

We integrate extensive single-cell and spatial transcriptomic data to dissect the cellular composition and spatial organization of the GBM tumor microenvironment and validate our findings through experiments such as multiplex immunohistochemistry and atomic force microscopy. We applied 101 machine learning algorithms to evaluate the prognostic and immunological value of COL6A3⁺ tumor-associated fi

SUBMITTER: Du Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12577258 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature