Duration-Dependent Effects of Rivaroxaban on Inflammation and Valve Calcification in Aortic Stenosis: Clinical and In Vitro Insights.

ABSTRACT: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) inhibited calcification and extracellular matrix remodelling in valve interstitial cells (VICs). We assessed whether DOACs affect inflammation and calcification both in vitro and in stenotic aortic valves from patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). We enrolled 52 patients with AS, including 22 with concomitant atrial fibrillation taking DOACs. Stenotic leaflets obtained during surgery were assessed for osteocalcin and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) by immunostaining. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were measured by ELISA. In vitro, VICs were treated with rivaroxaban (1 or 10 μg/mL) to evaluate BMP-4 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression via immunofluorescence. A medi

SUBMITTER: Kopytek M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12578597 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature