Association between dietary intake and urinary concentrations of caffeine and caffeine metabolites and elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) among men at risk for prostate cancer.

ABSTRACT:

Purpose

Prostatic chronic inflammation has been found to be associated with prostate cancer risk. Caffeine intake has shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. The relationship between caffeine and prostatic inflammation remains not known. We examined whether dietary intake and urinary concentration of caffeine and its metabolites are associated with serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, a surrogate marker of prostatic inflammation, among prostate cancer-free men.

Methods

Cancer-free men, aged ≥ 40 years, with dietary caffeine intake and serum PSA results were identified from the 2001-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Elevated serum PSA was based on age- and race-specific definitions. Weighted logistic regression analysis with survey sample

SUBMITTER: Wu H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12578734 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature