The power of GM-CSF: immune regulation in the defense against <i>Phialophora verrucosa</i> infection.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Phialophora verrucosa, a dematiaceous fungus, causes serious infections such as phaeohyphomycosis. These infections can severely impair patient quality of life and may be life-threatening. Current understanding of host immune defenses against this pathogen remains limited.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in host defense against P. verrucosa. Using both in vivo and in vitro models, the current study specifically examines how GM-CSF deficiency impacts immune responses and fungal clearance.

Methods

C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and GM-CSF-deficient (Csf2 KO) mice were infected subcutaneously in the footpad with live P. verrucosa conidia. Skin lesio

SUBMITTER: Dong Q 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12580205 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature