Hidden hunger in Europe: a review on determinants, fragmented policy responses, and implementation barriers.

ABSTRACT: Despite significant improvements in food security and healthcare, micronutrient deficiencies - or "hidden hunger" - remain a widespread and under-recognized public health issue across Europe. These deficiencies impair metabolic, cognitive, and immune functions, and are linked to non-communicable diseases and increased morbidity in an aging European population. This policy review, undertaken within the European Union (EU)-funded Zero Hidden Hunger EU project, examines the demographic, socioeconomic, and geographical drivers of micronutrient deficiencies in Europe and evaluates existing national and EU-level policy responses. Vulnerable populations, including children, women of reproductive age, older adults, low-income households, and those living in low-UV regions, face disproportionately

SUBMITTER: Gallina AL 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12580594 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature