Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic progression associated with major adverse liver outcomes: mediating roles of plasma metabolites.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

Previous research has not yet established whether and how cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome progression affects liver outcomes.

Methods

This prospective study utilized data from the UK Biobank (UKB) cohort, including 415,713 individuals without prevalent liver diseases or substance use disorder. The CKM syndrome stages were defined according to the Presidential Advisory from the American Heart Association. Outcomes were major adverse liver outcomes (MALOs), including hospitalization for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), severe liver disease (SLD), and liver-specific mortality. Cox proportional hazards models examined the association between CKM stages and MALOs. The CMAverse R package was used to investigate the

SUBMITTER: Liang J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12580617 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature