Tumor Endothelial Cells Induce M2 Macrophage Polarization via IL-4, Enhancing Tumor Growth in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

ABSTRACT: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor endothelial cells (TECs) are important components in tumor microenvironments. This study examined the interaction between TECs and TAMs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study is to clarify the mechanism of immune suppression and cancer progression mediated by the M2 polarization of TAMs. TECs were isolated from subcutaneous HCC tumors using murine BNL-T cells, and normal endothelial cells (NECs) were isolated from murine liver. M0 macrophages were obtained from bone marrow after incubation with M-CSF. Conditioned medium from TECs (TEC CM) or NECs (NEC CM) was added to M0 macrophages, and the polarization to M2 macrophages was assessed. The percentage of iNOS^-CD206⁺ cells was increased in the TEC CM group

SUBMITTER: Matoba D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12580878 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature