Monitoring Response to Combinatorial Immunotherapies by Tracking both T Cells and Natural Killer Cells <i>In Vivo</i> via ImmunoPET-Raman Multimodal Gold Nanostars.

ABSTRACT: Real-time imaging of multiple immunomarkers in vivo is crucial to predict treatment response and to understand the complex interplay of immune cells such as CD8⁺ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Since dynamic changes occur in these immune cells during combinatorial immunotherapies, these changes cannot be captured by single biomarker tracking or by ex vivo measurement of receptors at the endpoint of treatment. There is an unmet need for imaging probes that cohesively integrate the merits of multiple imaging modalities while surmounting the challenges of each modality. Here, we have developed multimodal gold nanostars (MGNs) functionalized with Raman reporters, immune-targeting antibodies, and 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-t

SUBMITTER: Cutshaw GP 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12581125 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature