HFpEF as the predominant and underrecognized heart failure phenotype in type 2 diabetes: evidence from the DIABET-IC study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Heart failure (HF) is a major complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D), with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) now representing the most frequent phenotype. However, its clinical profile, prognosis, and treatment patterns compared with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) remain insufficiently characterized.

Objectives

To compare characteristics, outcomes, and longitudinal management of HFpEF versus HFrEF in T2D patients.

Methods

This prespecified subanalysis of the nationwide, prospective DIABET-IC cohort included 1517 patients with T2D recruited across 58 Spanish centers and followed for three years. HF phenotypes were defined according to the 2016 ESC guidelines criteria. Baseline characteristics, outcomes (mortality, hospitalizations, and pr

SUBMITTER: Gil-Millan P 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12581349 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature