Alginate-tungsten trioxide-reduced graphene-based membranes for PEM fuel cells operating above the boiling point of water.

ABSTRACT: This study reports the fabrication and characterization of novel high-temperature proton exchange membranes composed of sodium alginate reinforced with tungsten trioxide-reduced graphene (WO₃-rG) nanocomposites, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and ionic liquids (ILs). The pristine sodium alginate (SA) membrane was first modified with varying concentrations of WO₃-rG to enhance its proton conductivity, mechanical characteristics, and thermal stability. The PEG was incorporated to improve flexibility and membrane hydration, along with diethylmethylammonium methanesulfonate ([DEMA][OMs]) IL. Additionally, characterization techniques were conducted, including proton conductivity (at ambient and elevated temperatures), swelling ratio, ion exchange capacity (IEC), water uptake,

SUBMITTER: Nimir W 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12581536 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature